Too much Unemployment in Bangladesh: Challenges and the Road Ahead

Unemployment in Bangladesh: Challenges and the Road Ahead

Read In Bangla Here : বাংলায় পড়তে এখানে ক্লিক করুন


Bangladesh has made significant strides in economic development, achieving impressive GDP growth and poverty reduction over the years. However, unemployment, particularly among the youth, remains a pressing concern. This blog delves into the current unemployment scenario in Bangladesh, analyzing its causes and potential solutions, while citing credible sources.


Unemployment Statistics in Bangladesh

According to the latest data, the unemployment rate in Bangladesh stands at approximately 5.2%. However, youth unemployment is alarmingly high, at around 16% (World Bank).

Despite the overall economic progress, underemployment and the informal job market dominate the landscape, leaving many workers vulnerable to job insecurity (International Labour Organization).


Key Causes of Unemployment

  1. Mismatch Between Education and Job Market Needs
    The education system in Bangladesh often fails to equip graduates with the skills demanded by employers. A study revealed that 47% of university graduates are unemployed due to this skills gap (The Financial Express).

  2. Population Pressure
    Bangladesh’s population density, one of the highest globally, exacerbates job scarcity. With over 1,100 people per square kilometer, the job market cannot absorb the increasing number of job seekers (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics).

  3. Economic Challenges
    Recent global economic downturns, worsened by the Russia-Ukraine conflict and inflation, have hampered job creation, particularly in industries like textiles and manufacturing (Reuters).

  4. Quota System in Public Sector Jobs
    The existing quota system in government jobs has been a contentious issue, limiting opportunities for many and causing widespread protests (Dhaka Tribune).


Recent Developments

In 2024, large-scale protests erupted, with young job seekers demanding more equitable employment opportunities. These demonstrations, which highlighted frustrations with the job market and quota policies, resulted in significant disruptions (The Daily Star).


Government Initiatives

The government has initiated several measures to tackle unemployment, including:


The Way Forward

To combat unemployment, Bangladesh must:

  • Revamp the Education System: Align curricula with market demands and encourage STEM education.
  • Promote Entrepreneurship: Support startups and small businesses through funding and mentorship.
  • Focus on Export Diversification: Reduce reliance on textiles and explore other industries like pharmaceuticals and IT.
  • Strengthen Social Safety Nets: Protect informal sector workers and provide unemployment benefits.

Conclusion

While Bangladesh has made remarkable progress, tackling unemployment is critical for sustaining growth. By addressing structural issues and empowering its workforce, the nation can unlock its full potential and ensure a prosperous future for its citizens.


Sources:

  1. World Bank
  2. International Labour Organization
  3. The Financial Express
  4. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
  5. Reuters
  6. Dhaka Tribune
  7. The Daily Star
  8. Skills for Employment Investment Program
  9. Ministry of Planning, Bangladesh

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